Adding-machine



(No Model.)

G. B. GATES.

ADDING MACHINE.

No. 448,221. Patented Mar. 1'7, 1891.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE E. GATES, OF FAIRPORT, NElV YORK.

ADDING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 448,221, dated March 17, 1891.

Application filed May 1,1890. Serial No. 350,155. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE E. GATES, of Fairport, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Adding-Machines, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.

My invention is an improved adding-machine, the same being hereinafter fully described, and more particularly pointed out. in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a front elevation of the machine with the front side mainly broken away to show the parts within; Fig. 2, a side view seen as indicated by arrow :0 in Fi 1, with parts broken away; Fig. 8, a plan of the device with a part of the upper wall broken away, the keys being transversely sectioned; Fig. at, a plan of the train of gears seen as indicated by arrow 0: in Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a side elevation of one of the keys and associated stop, partsof the inclosure being sectioned, as on the dotted line 'y y in Fig. 1; Fi 6, a view of the escapement mechanism seen as indicated by arrow in Fig. 2, parts being sectioned; Fig. 7, a plan of the plate with openings through which the numbers are read with adjacent parts; Fig. 8, a view of the escapenient mechanism seen as indicated by arrow in Fig. 6 5 and Fig. 9, a view of the wheel (2, seen as indicatedby arrow 9 in Fig. 6, drawn to show the teeth thereon.

Referring to the parts shown, A is the body of the device, it being an inclosure for the parts of suitable form, preferably made of wood or light metal.

a is a horizontal shaft resting in bearings 12 1) within the inclosure and provided with a toothed wheel 0 at one end, turning loosely thereon. (Z is a frame rigid with the shaft (1, but not parallel therewith.

5, 6, 7, S, and 9 are vertical operating-keys equally spaced and arranged near the frame d, to be manipulated by the fingers of the operator in performing additions of numbers.

c is a units-display wheel held to turn on a studf, rigid with the body, the axis of the stud being parallel with the axis of the main shaft a.

Figures from O to 9, inclusive, twice repeated, are formed upon the face or periphery of the wheel ethat is to say, there are thirty figures evenly spaced upon the wheel,

through the respective openings a 0 p in the plate 72, when presented to said openings. These dials are held by a series of parallel inclined shafts r s i, Fig. 4:, carrying a train of simple spur'gears u, proportioned so that the shaft 9" shall make ten revolutions while the shaft 8 makes one revolution, and the shaft 3 ten revolutions while the shaft't makes one revolution.

1) is a common clock-spring joined to the shaft 15 to drive the shafts is r.

1!: is an escapement-wheel similar to those used in clocks, rigid with the shaft "1'.

a, Fig. 6, is a detent for the escapementwheel. I) is a drum rigid with the unitswheel 0, provided with three teeth 0 at its edge equally spaced to act upon a branch of the detent a.

(Z is an actuating-pawl for the gear 0, held at the end of an arm 0, rigid with the frame d. The keys 5 to 9 are each provided with a pin j, reaching out over the frame d, by means of which, when either key is depressed, the frame will be carried downward against the action of a returning-spring g, Fig. 1. The gear 0 engages a gear 7t, rigid with the units-wheel c. Preferably the gear 7t contains twice as many teeth as the units-wheel 6 contains figures, and the gear 0 twice as many teeth as the gear 71 On account of this relation of the parts, whenever the pawl (1 moves the wheel 0 to the amount of one tooth a new figure of the units-wheel Q will be displayed at the opening g, it being the figure next in advance of the figure previously displayed at said opening.

It will be seen by referring to Fig. 3 that the frame (Z is curved, with its convex side turned toward the shaft a and its left-hand end farther from said shaft than its righthand end. On account of this form, a depression of key 5 will turn the shaft through a less distance than a like depression of key 9. The keys are all arranged to move downward about the same distance when depressed, in

the full size machine this distance being about three-fourths of an inch. The divergency of the frame cl from the shaft to is made such that when key 5 is depressed the pawl (1 will pass over five teeth of the wheel a, and so upon the return of the frame from the action of the spring g the fifth figure upon the wheel 6 will appear at the opening g from the one that appeared at said opening before the key was depressed; or, in other words, when key 5 is depressed five will be counted on the display-wheel. The same is the case with the remaining keys 6, 7, 8, and 9-that is to say,

when either one is depressed a corresponding count will be made upon the display-wheels. The curvature of the frame cl and the degree at which it diverges from the shaft are purposely made such that the keys may be arranged in a single row convenient for manipulation, and, further, the form given the frame renders the vertical motions of all the keys uniform, each adding its number to the number exhibited on the display-disks.

A simple detent or catch-pawl 7; catches a tooth of an auxiliary wheel k, rigid with the wheel '6, whenever a count by either one of the keys is made, there being as many teeth in said wheel 70 as there are numbers on the wheel 6. This detent is carried under a tooth of the wheel by thepawl d gliding under its lower end,as shown in Fig. 2, and it is raised from the tooth by a simple spring Z when the pawl d is moved away by pressing a key. The detent t" is of common construction and operation and may be changed to suit circumstances and may be arranged to directly engage the teeth of the wheel h, the wheel 16' being dispensed with.

n is a rigid stop for the frame (1 when pulled upward by the spring g.

The lower ends of the keys rest in guides 0 on the floor of the inclosure A and are preferably lifted by springs 19', held beneath them. Pins 4" are provided for the keys, forming stops for their upward motions.

Movable stops 8'15 a o and a rigid stop 20 are provided to arrest the downward motions of the frame cl when depressed by the keys, the movable stops being, respectively, operated by the keys with which they are associated. The stops may be understood by viewing Fig. 5. The movable stops are held normally out of the way of the frame by simple springs a. When key 5, for instance, is made to depress the frame, it urges, by means of a pin b the stop 8' forward under the frame, as shown by the dotted lines, to arrest the downward motion of the frame, so that only five teeth of the gear 0 shall be passed over by the pawl d. Likewise the stop t is operated by the key 6 to arrest the frame when the pawl has passed over sir; teeth, and soon for the stops u and o. w, being the lowest of all the stops,is made rigid.

'lhusarranged, whatever key is depressed a corresponding number of teeth of the wheel 0 will be covered by the motion of the pawl and consequently counted upon the numberwheels. The advance of every tooth of the wheel 0' causes an advance or addition of one on the display-wheels.

Keys from 1 to l, inclusive, similar to those shown, may be employed in addition to those represented; but the ones shown (from 5 to 9) are found to be sufficient in practice, for when numbers less than five occur in the column ,of figures to be added two or more are taken together and their sum added as a single number by one of the keys shown. For instance, if the figures 2 and 3 occur consecutively a depression of key 5 counts both simultaneously. If the figures 3 and 4 occur, the key 7 will add both, and should two 4s and a 1 come in close order the key 9 will count all, ac.

Before adding up a column of figures the number-wheels are all set to zero, as shown in Fig. 7. When the figures added amount to ten, a tooth dot the drum 6' presses the right-hand branch of the detent a under a tooth of the escapement-wheel 10, (see Fig. 6,) which allows'a tooth of the wheel to escape the lef -hand branch. This serves to, turn the dial 2' through one-tenth of a revolution and display the figure 1 at the opening n with O at the opening g. When the sum of the units amounts to ten more, another one of the teeth 0 will cause a second escapement of a tooth of the wheel to, causing the number 20 to be displayed at the openings n g. This is repeated until the sum amounts to one hundred, when 1 will be displayed at the opening '0, and in a similar manner, when the sum amounts to one thousand, 1 will be displayed at the opening 12. When the sum of the additions amounts to between fifty and one hundred, the numberwheel or dial it will be brought to a position in which a portion of the figure 1 thereon will be opposite the opening 0; but to prevent its being seen through said opening I provide a peripheral extension 0 to the dial 1' in position to cover the said figure 1 until the number 100 has been reached by the sum of the figures added.

A common winding-key is employed at the back of the device, applied to the shaft 8 to rewind the spring o and-set all the numberwheels at zero whenever necessary.

What I claim as my invention is 1. An adding-machine having a shaft provided with a rigid curved frame diverging therefrom with its convex side toward said shaft, in combination with operating-keys arranged in a curved line parallel with said frame and a displaywheel provided with figures and connected with said shaft to be turned by the latter, substantially as shown and described.

2. In an adding-machine, a series of operat ng-keys, a main shaft, and a units-wheel, with gearing connecting said shaft and wheel, whereby the latter is operated by said keys,

IIO.

in combination with a series of number-dials part overlapping the face of the hundredsand a train of gears connected therewith op dial to cover a figure thereon, substantially erated by a spring, said units-wheel and train as and for the purpose specified. of gears being, connected by an escapement In witness whereof I have hereunto set my 5 mechanism, substantially as shown and dehand,this 16th day of Apri1,1890, in the pres- 15 scribed. ence of two subscribing witnesses.

3. In an addingmachine, a units-wheel, a GEORGE B. GATES. tens-dial, and a hundreds-dial, all operated Witnesses: by a series of depressing-keys with the aid of a E. B. WHITMORE, :0 spring, said tens-dial having an extended! M. L. MCDERMOTT. 

